Journal of Higher Education and Science

Journal of Higher Education and Science is directed mainly to specialties dealing with higher education, including universities, institutes of technology, research centers and vocational institutions.

The aims of the Journal are to publish articles covering current issues and solutions in Higher Education sectors in Turkey, and World; innovations in education and teaching strategies as well as novel trends and developments in science and technology; to contribute in social and scientific communication; and to be a international and reputable scientific media in our geographic area (including Balkans and Black Sea countries, Middle East countries and Central Asian Turkish Republics).

Journal of Higher Education and Science publishes "Original Articles", "Overview Articles", "Letters to the Editor", "Introductory Articles of Higher Education Institutes", "Meetings and Conference Reports", and "Book Reviews". By decision of Editorial Board Special Issues may also be published.

All contributions are evaluated in a double blinded peer-reviewed fashion by an advisory committee. All articles may be written in Turkish or English, and should include English and Turkish abstracts and key words. For English articles submitted from abroad, editorial committee may translate the abstracts into Turkish.

PREPARATION OF ARTICLE
Manuscripts should be submitted in Word in either "doc" or "rtf" format using a normal, plain font (e.g., 12pt. Times New Roman), double-spaced throughout with margins of 2.5 cm. Pages should be numbered on the right upper corner. Articles should normally be no longer than thirty double spaced typewritten pages including references, and organized as follows:
Title page:
The title page should include a concise and informative title, the name(s) and complete affiliation(s) of the author(s), and the address for manuscript correspondence including e-mail address, telephone and fax numbers. All authors are recommended to provide an open researcher and contributor ID (ORCID). To have ORCID, authors should register in the ORCID web site: http://orcid.org. Registration is free to every researcher in the world. If the article was presented at a scientific meeting, authors should provide a complete statement including date and place of the meeting.

Abstract and key words:
Articles should contain Turkish and English abstracts. Abstracts must be no longer than 600 words. Abbreviations should not be used in the abstract. The authors should list three to five key words which can be used for indexing purposes.

Text:
Articles should be organized in five main headings: Background or introduction, method, results, discussion, conclusion. Abbreviations should be defined at first mention in the text and in each table and figure and used consistently thereafter. An "acknowledgement(s)" section may be added following these sections to thank those, if any, who helped the study or preparation of the article. The acknowledgements are placed at the end of the article, before the references. This section contains statements of gratitude for personal, technical or material help, etc.

Citation:
Authors should follow instructions in the current edition (6th) of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) for citations. References in the text should be cited by name and year in parentheses. Some examples:

Negotiation research spans many disciplines (Thompson, 1990).
This result was later contradicted by Becker and Seligman (1996).
This effect has been widely studied (Abbott 1991; Barakat et al., 1995; Kelso & Smith 1998; Medvec et al., 1993).

References:
Authors should follow instructions in the current edition (6th) of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association for the references. You may visit the following links for APA style:

The Basics of APA Style;
(https://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial)
Referencing and Citation Styles: APA 6th;
(https://libguides.library.usyd.edu.au/c.php?g=508212&p=3476096)
Mini-Guide to APA 6th for Referencing, Citing, Quoting
(https://www.defendologija-banjaluka.com/files/Uputstvo.za.citiranje.(APA).pdf)

The list of references should be provided at the end of the article, under the title "References", should only include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for publication. Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last names of the first author of each work. The author(s) are responsible for the accuracy of the references. Examples are given below:

Journal article
Bakx, A. W. E. A., Van der Sanden, J. M. M., Sijtsma, K., Croon, M. A., & Vermetten, Y. J. M. (2006). The role of students' personality and conceptions in social-communicative training: A longitudinal study on development of conceptions and related performance. Higher Education, 51(1), 71–104.

Article by DOI
Slifka, M. K., & Whitton, J. L. (2000) Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. Journal of Molecular Medicine, doi:10.1007/s001090000086

Book
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Book chapter
O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107–123). New York, USA: Springer.

Online document
Abou-Allaban, Y., Dell, M. L., Greenberg, W., Lomax, J., Peteet, J., Torres, M., & Cowell, V. (2006). Religious/spiritual commitments and psychiatric practice. American Psychiatric Association.
Retrieved from http://www.psych.org/edu/other_res/lib_archives/archives/200604.pdf

Tables:
Each table must be typed double-spaced within the body of main text. Tables should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals in order of appearance in the text and should include a short descriptive title typed directly above and essential footnotes including definitions of abbreviations below. They should be self-explanatory and should supplement rather than duplicate the material in the text.

Figures and Graphs:
For the best quality final product, photographs should be created/scanned and saved as either TIFF or JPEG format with a resolution of at least 300 dpi and 1200x960 pixels and should be sent electronically. Line drawings, graphs and, etc. may be embedded within the body of main text. Publication of color illustrations is free of charge. All figures should be numbered sequentially in the text with Arabic numerals and should be referred to in parentheses within the text. Figure parts should be denoted by lowercase letters (a,b,c, etc.).

Figure legends
All figures should include a legend below the figure. Legends for photographs should appear on a separate page after the references. Figure captions begin with the term Fig. in bold type, followed by the figure number, also in bold type. Abbreviations and symbols used in the figures must be denoted in the legend.

Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement

A publication ethics and publication malpractice statement (composed using the Publishing Ethics Resource Kit and in compliance with Elsevier recommendations)



Ethical Guidelines for Journal Publication

(These guidelines are based on existing Elsevier policies)

The publication of an article in a peer reviewed journal is an essential fundamental in the development of a coherent and reputable network of knowledge andis the essential model for our journal "Higher Education and Science". It is also a direct reflection of the quality of the work of the authors and the institutions that support them. Peer-reviewed articles support and embody the scientific method. Therefore, it is crucial to agree upon standards of expected ethical behavior for all parties involved in the act of publishing including the author, the journal editor, the peer reviewer and the publisher.

The Publisher and Editorial Board of the Journal of Higher Education and Science takes its duties of guardianship over all stages of publishing extremely seriously. We recognize our responsibilities in all our policies and ethical guidelines.

The Publisher and Editorial Board also endeavor to contribute in establishing standards and policies that improve scientific communications, promote business ethics, and encourage continued, sustainable growth in the field of scholarly publishing. We are committed to ensuring that advertising, reprint or other commercial revenue has no impact or influence on editorial decisions.



Duties of authors

(These guidelines are based on existing Elsevier policies)

Reporting standards

Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work.

Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.

Review and professional publication articles should also be accurate and objective, and editorial ëopinioní works should be clearly identified as such.

Data access and retention

Authors may be asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data, if practicable, and should in any event be prepared to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication.

Originality and plagiarism

The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted. Plagiarism takes many forms, from 'passing off' another's paper as the author's own paper, to copying or paraphrasing substantial parts of another's paper (without attribution), to claiming results from research conducted by others. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.

Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication

An author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research in more than one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. In general, an author should not submit for consideration in another journal a previously published paper. Publication of some kinds of articles (e.g. clinical guidelines, translations) in more than one journal is sometimes justifiable, provided certain conditions are met. The authors and editors of the journals concerned must agree to the secondary publication, which must reflect the same data and interpretation of the primary document. The primary reference must be cited in the secondary publication.

Acknowledgement of sources

Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work. Information obtained privately, as in conversation, correspondence, or discussion with third parties, must not be used or reported without explicit, written permission from the source. Information obtained in the course of confidential services, such as refereeing manuscripts or grant applications, must not be used without the explicit written permission of the author of the work involved in these services.

Authorship of the paper

Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included on the paper, and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication.

Hazards and human or animal subjects

If the work involves chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use, the author must clearly identify these in the manuscript. If the work involves the use of animal or human subjects, the author should ensure that the manuscript contains a statement that all procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and that the appropriate institutional committee(s) has approved them. Authors should include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest

All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed. Examples of potential conflicts of interest which should be disclosed include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Potential conflicts of interest should be disclosed at the earliest stage possible.

Fundamental errors in published works

When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author’s obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper. If the editor or the publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains a significant error, it is the obligation of the author to promptly retract or correct the paper or provide evidence to the editor of the correctness of the original paper.



Duties of the Editorial Board

(These guidelines are based on existing Elsevier policies and COPE’s Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors)

Publication decisions

The editor of a peer-reviewed Journal of Higher Education and Science is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editor may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The editor may confer with other editors or reviewers in making this decision.

Fair play

An editor should evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.

Confidentiality

The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest

Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the express written consent of the author. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Editors should recuse themselves (i.e. should ask a co-editor, associate editor or other member of the editorial board instead to review and consider) from considering manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or (possibly) institutions connected to the papers. Editors should require all contributors to disclose relevant competing interests and publish corrections if competing interests are revealed after publication. If needed, other appropriate action should be taken, such as the publication of a retraction or expression of concern.

Involvement and cooperation in investigations

An editor should take reasonably responsive measures when ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper, in conjunction with the publisher (or society). Such measures will generally include contacting the author of the manuscript or paper and giving due consideration of the respective complaint or claims made, but may also include further communications to the relevant institutions and research bodies, and if the complaint is upheld, the publication of a correction, retraction, expression of concern, or other note, as may be relevant. Every reported act of unethical publishing behavior must be looked into, even if it is discovered years after publication.

Duties of Reviewers

(These guidelines are based on existing Elsevier policies and COPE’s Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors)

Contribution to editorial decisions

Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions and through the editorial communications with the author may also assist the author in improving the paper. Peer review is an essential component of formal scholarly communication, and lies at the heart of the scientific method.

Promptness

Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.

Confidentiality

Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.

Standards of objectivity

Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.

Acknowledgement of sources

Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.

Disclosure and conflict of interest

Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in a reviewer’s own research without the express written consent of the author. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.